Kurikirana amazi yinjira ukoresheje amacupa yamazi meza yubucuruzi

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Kunywa amazi ni ngombwa mu gukumira umwuma no kugabanya amabuye y’impyiko asubirwamo.Hariho mu myaka yashize hagamijwe guteza imbere ibikoresho byo kugenzura gufata amazi ukoresheje ibicuruzwa “bifite ubwenge” nk'amacupa y’ubwenge.Hariho amacupa y’abana bato bafite ubwenge mu bucuruzi arahari, cyane cyane agenewe abantu bakuze bafite ubuzima bwiza. Ku bumenyi bwacu, amacupa ntabyemewe mu bucuruzi. HidrateSpark Steel, HidrateSpark 3 na Thermos Smart Lid.Ibintu ijana byo gufata kuri buri gacupa byaranditswe kandi birasesengurwa kandi ugereranije nukuri kwubutaka bwakuwe mubipimo bihanitse.H2OPal ifite ikosa rito ryo hagati yijanisha (MPE) kandi irashobora kuringaniza amakosa kumasoko menshi.HidrateSpark 3 itanga ibisubizo bihamye kandi byizewe hamwe nibisubizo bya HipT gusubira inyuma kumurongo nkuko byari bifite indangagaciro zihamye zumuntu kugiti cye. Thermos Smart Lid yari yuzuye neza, kuko sensor ntiyigeze igera kumacupa yose, bigatuma inyandiko nyinshi zitakara.
Umwuma ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane kuko gishobora gukurura ingorane mbi, zirimo urujijo, kugwa, ibitaro, ndetse nurupfu. Kuringaniza gufata amazi ni ngombwa, cyane cyane kubantu bakuze ndetse nabantu bafite uburwayi bw’ubuvuzi bwangiza ingaruka z’amazi. Abarwayi bafite ibyago byo guhitanwa n’amabuye barasabwa kurya amazi menshi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, gukurikirana ibiyobya bwenge ni uburyo bukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane uburyo bwo gufata amazi mu buryo bworoshye kugira ngo hamenyekane niba uburyo bwo gufata amazi bukoreshwa mu buryo bworoshye kugira ngo hamenyekane niba uburyo bwo gufata amazi bukoreshwa mu buryo bworoshye. gufata. Kubwamahirwe, inyinshi murubwo bushakashatsi ntabwo zavuyemo ibicuruzwa biboneka mubucuruzi. Amacupa kumasoko agamije cyane cyane abakinnyi bishimisha imyidagaduro cyangwa abantu bakuze bita kubuzima bashaka kongeramo hydration.Muri iyi ngingo, twari tugamije kumenya niba amacupa y’amazi asanzwe, aboneka mubucuruzi ari igisubizo gifatika kubashakashatsi n’abarwayi. Twagereranije amacupa ane y’amazi y’ubucuruzi mu bijyanye n’imikorere n’imikorere. Amacupa ya H2 Thermos Smart Lid7 nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1.Aya macupa yaratoranijwe kubera ko ari rimwe mu macupa ane yonyine azwi cyane (1) ashobora kugurwa muri Kanada kandi (2) afite sipi yamakuru ashobora kuboneka binyuze muri porogaramu igendanwa.
Amashusho y’amacupa yubucuruzi yasesenguwe: (a) HidrateSpark 34, (b) HidrateSpark Steel5, (c) H2OPal6, (d) Thermos Smart Lid7.Isanduku itukura itukura yerekana aho sensor ikorera.
Mu macupa yavuzwe haruguru, gusa verisiyo zabanjirije HidrateSpark zemejwe mubushakashatsi8.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko icupa rya HidrateSpark ryabaye ukuri muri 3% yo gupima ibyuzuye byose mugihe cyamasaha 24 yo gufata amazi. nta bushakashatsi bwihariye bwemeje imikorere yabwo2,10.Pletcher et al.Ibiranga ibihe hamwe namakuru aboneka kumurongo wagereranijwe kumacupa menshi yubucuruzi, ariko ntibigeze bemeza ko ari ukuri11.
Amacupa yose uko ari ane yubucuruzi arimo porogaramu yihariye yubuntu yo kwerekana no kubika ibintu byinjira byanyujijwe kuri Bluetooth.HidrateSpark 3 na Thermos Smart Lid bifite sensor hagati mu icupa, birashoboka ko ikoresha sensor ya capacitif, mugihe ibyuma bya HidrateSpark hamwe na H2Opal bifite sensor iri munsi yumutwaro uri muri sensor d. Umupfundikizo, sensor ntishobora kugera munsi yikintu.
Buri gacupa ryageragejwe mubice bibiri: (1) icyiciro cyo guswera cyagenzuwe na (2) icyiciro cyo kubaho kubuntu.Mu byiciro byombi, ibisubizo byanditswe nicupa (byabonetse mubicuruzwa bigendanwa byakoreshejwe kuri Android 11) byagereranijwe nukuri kubutaka bwabonetse hakoreshejwe igipimo cya kg 5 (Starfrit Electronic Kitchen Scale 93756) .Icupa ryose ryapimwe mbere ya mL 10 kugeza kuri 100. Ibipimo 5 buri kimwe, kubipimo 50 byose hamwe kuri vial.Ibintu ntabwo aribintu byukuri byo kunywa byabantu, ariko birasukwa kugirango ingano ya buri sipo ishobore kugenzurwa neza.Muri iki cyiciro, ongera usubiremo icupa niba ikosa rya sip rirenze 50 mL, hanyuma wongere uhuze niba porogaramu itakaza umurongo wa bluetooth ukoresheje icupa ryubusa. ikubiyemo ibinyobwa 50 mugihe, ariko sibyose kumurongo.Nuko rero, buri gacupa rifite dataset yapimwe 100.
Kugirango umenye amazi yose hamwe no kwemeza neza amazi meza ya buri munsi, ni ngombwa cyane kugira ibipimo bifatika byo gufata umunsi wose (amasaha 24) aho kuba buri sipi.Nyamara, kugirango umenye ibimenyetso byihutirwa, buri sipi igomba kugira amakosa make, nkuko byakozwe mubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Conroy nabandi. .
Imbonerahamwe 1 irerekana ibipimo ngenderwaho bitandukanye kuri buri gacupa urebye ibyiciro bibiri (sipi 100) .Ikosa ryo hagati yijana (MPE) kuri buri sipi, bivuze ikosa ryuzuye (MAE) kuri buri sipi, hamwe na MPE yuzuye ibarwa kuburyo bukurikira:
aho \ ({S} _ {igikorwa} ^ {i} \) na \ ({S} _ {est} ^ {i} \) ni byo byateganijwe kandi byagereranijwe byo kunywa (\ {i} _ guswera. Sip MPE ireba ikosa ryijana kuri buri sipi kumuntu kugiti cye, mugihe Cumulative MPE ireba ikosa ryijanisha ryijanisha ryigihe. Ukurikije ibisubizo biri mumeza 1, H2OPal ifite umubare muto wabuze inyandiko zabuze, Sip MPE yo hasi cyane, hamwe na MPE yo hasi cyane. mugihe wanditse ibipimo byakurikiyeho. Sip MAE nayo ishyirwa mubikorwa aho ubunyangamugayo bwa buri sipi ari ngombwa kuko ibara ikosa ryuzuye rya buri sipi.Cumulative MPE inapima uburyo ibipimo bingana murwego rumwe kandi ntibihana icyokunywa kimwe.Ikindi cyarebaga nuko amacupa 3 kuri 4 yasuzuguye ingano yo gufata kumunwa yerekanwe kumeza 1 hamwe numubare mubi.
Co-coefficient ya R-kwaduka ya Pearson kumacupa yose nayo irerekanwa mumeza 1.HidrateSpark 3 itanga coefficient ihanitse cyane.Nubwo HidrateSpark 3 ifite inyandiko zabuze, inyinshi murizo ni umunwa muto (Umugambi wa Bland-Altman ku gishushanyo cya 2 uremeza kandi ko HidrateSpark 3 ifite imipaka ntoya y’amasezerano (LoA) ugereranije n’andi macupa atatu. HidrateSpark Steel mu gishushanyo cya 2b, aho usanga agaciro kinshi kamakosa ari mabi.Niyo mpamvu, ayo macupa yombi atanga MPE nini cyane hamwe na MPE yuzuye ugereranije na H2Opal na Thermos Smart Lid, hamwe namakosa yatanzwe hejuru no munsi ya 0, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2a, d.
Ibibanza bya Bland-Altman bya (a) H2OPal, (b) HidrateSpark Steel, (c) HidrateSpark 3 na (d) Thermos Smart Lid.
HidrateSpark Steel na H2OPal byari bifite itandukaniro risa na 20.04 mL na 21.41 mL, uko bikurikirana.Figures 2a, b irerekana kandi ko indangagaciro za HidrateSpark Steel zihora zisubira hagati, ariko muri rusange ziguma mu karere ka LoA, mugihe H2Opal ifite agaciro kinshi hanze yakarere ka LoA. yerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 2d.Iyi icupa ryatanze ikosa rito rya Sip Mean Error hamwe na MPE ntoya ya Cumulative, nubwo ifite inyandiko zabuze cyane hamwe no gutandukana kwinshi.Ibikoresho bya Thermos SmartLid bifite amajwi menshi yabuze kubera ko ibyatsi bya sensor bitagera munsi yibikoresho, bikabura amajwi yabuze munsi yibiryo bya sensor (~ 80 mL). icyakora, Thermos niyo icupa ryonyine rifite MPE na Sip Mean Error, bivuze ko icupa ryarengeje urugero rwo gufata amazi.Nuko rero, impanvu ikosa rya siporo ya Thermos ikigereranyo kiri hasi cyane ni ukubera ko igipimo kirengerwa hafi kumacupa hafi ya yose.Iyo ibyo bisuzumabumenyi byagereranijwe, harimo no kubara bitagereranijwe,) Sip Mean Error yabaye +10.38 mL, yemeza ko umuntu arengereye cyane ya sipi imwe.Mu gihe ibi bisa nkaho ari byiza, icupa mubyukuri ntiribeshye mubigereranyo bya sip kugiti cyawe kandi ntirizigirwa kuko ryabuze ibintu byinshi byo kunywa.Ikindi kandi, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2d, Thermos SmartLid isa niyongera ikosa hamwe no kongera ubunini bwa sip.
Muri rusange, H2OPal niyo yari nyayo yo kugereranya ibyokurya mugihe, nuburyo bwizewe bwo gupima amajwi menshi. Thermos Smart Lid yari ntoya cyane kandi yabuze ibyokurya byinshi kurenza andi macupa.Icupa rya HidrateSpark 3 ryari rifite agaciro keza kamakosa, ariko wasuzuguye ibyokurya byinshi byavuyemo imikorere mibi mugihe.
Biragaragara ko icupa rishobora kuba rifite offset ishobora kwishyurwa kubera gukoresha algorithm ya kalibrasi.Ibi ni ukuri cyane kumacupa ya HidrateSpark, ifite itandukaniro rito ryikosa kandi ihora isuzugura icyayi kimwe. ikosa. Imbonerahamwe ya 2 yerekana ko kalibrasi yazamuye Sip bisobanura ikosa kumacupa abiri ya HidrateSpark, ariko ntabwo H2OPal cyangwa Thermos Smart Lid.
Mugihe cyicyiciro cya 1 aho ibipimo byose byakorewe, buri gacupa ryuzuzwa inshuro nyinshi, bityo MAE yabazwe irashobora guterwa nurwego rwuzuza amacupa.Kugirango ibi, buri gacupa rigabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu, hejuru, iciriritse, na hasi, hashingiwe ku mubare wuzuye wa buri gacupa.Ku bipimo byicyiciro cya 1, ikizamini kimwe cya ANOVA cyakozwe kugirango hamenyekane niba urwego rutandukanye cyane muburyo butatu. yari itandukaniro rinini cyane (p Ikizamini cya t-umurizo ibiri cyakozwe kugirango ugereranye amakosa yo mucyiciro cya 1 nicyiciro cya 2 kuri buri gacupa. Twageze kuri p> 0,05 kumacupa yose, bivuze ko ayo matsinda yombi atatandukanye cyane.Nyamara, byagaragaye ko amacupa abiri ya HidrateSpark yatakaje umubare munini cyane wafashwe amajwi murwego rwa 2.Kuri H2OPal, umubare wabuze amajwi wabuze hafi (2 na 3). amacupa ya HidrateSpark yose yatunganijwe nyuma ya kalibrasi, t-test nayo yakozwe nyuma ya kalibrasi. Kuri HidrateSpark 3, hariho itandukaniro rikomeye mumakosa hagati yicyiciro cya 1 nicyiciro cya 2 (p = 0.046) .Ibyo birashoboka cyane kubera umubare munini wabuze mubyiciro 2 ugereranije nicyiciro cya 1.
Iki gice gitanga ubushishozi kumikoreshereze y'icupa no kuyishyira mu bikorwa, kimwe nandi makuru yimikorere.Mu gihe icupa ryukuri ari ngombwa, ibintu byakoreshwa nabyo ni ngombwa muguhitamo icupa.
HidrateSpark 3 na HidrateSpark Steel ifite amatara ya LED yibutsa abayikoresha kunywa amazi niba batujuje intego zabo nkuko byateganijwe, cyangwa bakazimya inshuro runaka kumunsi (washyizweho numukoresha) .Birashobora kandi gushyirwaho kumurika igihe cyose uyikoresha anywa.H2OPal na Thermos Smart Lid ntibafite ibitekerezo byerekanwa byibutsa abakoresha bokunywa kuri telefone igendanwa. by'imenyesha kumunsi birashobora gutegurwa muri HidrateSpark na H2OPal.
HidrateSpark 3 na Steel bakoresha umurongo uyobora kugirango bayobore abakoresha igihe banywa amazi kandi batange intego yatanzwe kumasaha ko abakoresha bagomba gukubita umunsi urangiye.H2OPal na Thermos Smart Lid itanga intego yumunsi gusa.Mu macupa yose, niba igikoresho kidahujwe na porogaramu binyuze kuri bluetooth, amakuru azabikwa mugace kandi ahuze nyuma yo guhuza.
Nta na rimwe mu macupa ane yibanda kuri hydration kubakuru. Byongeye kandi, formula amacupa akoresha kugirango amenye intego zo gufata buri munsi ntaboneka, bigatuma bigorana kumenya niba bikwiranye nabakuze.Benshi muri ayo macupa ni manini kandi aremereye kandi adakwiranye nabakuze. Gukoresha porogaramu zigendanwa nabyo ntibishobora kuba byiza kubantu bakuze, nubwo bishobora kuba ingirakamaro kubashakashatsi gukusanya amakuru kure.
Amacupa yose ntashobora kumenya niba amazi yakoreshejwe, yajugunywe cyangwa yamenetse. Amacupa yose nayo agomba gushyirwa hejuru nyuma ya buri sipi kugirango yandike neza ibyinjira. Ibi bivuze ko ibinyobwa bishobora kubura mugihe icupa ridashyizweho, cyane cyane iyo ryuzuye.
Indi mbogamizi ni uko igikoresho kigomba guhora cyongera guhuzwa na porogaramu kugirango ihuze amakuru. Thermos yari ikeneye kongera guhuzwa igihe cyose porogaramu yafungurwaga, kandi icupa rya HidrateSpark ryakunze kugorana kugirango rihuze umurongo wa Bluetooth.H2OPal iroroshye kongera guhuza na porogaramu mugihe amacupa yatakaye.Bishobora guhinduka mbere yuko ibizamini bitangira kandi bigomba guhinduka. na H2OPal igomba gusiba kandi ikuzuzwa rwose kugirango ihindurwe.
Amacupa yose ntabwo afite uburyo bwo gukuramo cyangwa kubika amakuru igihe kirekire.Ikindi kandi, ntanumwe murimwe ushobora kuboneka binyuze muri API.
HidrateSpark 3 na H2OPal ikoresha bateri zisimburwa na lithium-ion, HidrateSpark Steel na Thermos SmartLid zikoresha bateri zishobora kwishyurwa.Nkuko byavuzwe nuwabikoze, bateri yumuriro igomba kumara ibyumweru 2 yishyuwe byuzuye, ariko, igomba kwishyurwa hafi buri cyumweru mugihe ukoresheje amacupa ya Thermos SmartLid.
Hariho ibintu bitandukanye bishobora guhindura ihitamo ryicupa ryubwenge, cyane cyane mugihe uyikoresha ari umuntu ugeze mu za bukuru.Uburemere nubunini bwicupa nibintu byingenzi kuko bigomba kuba byoroshye gukoreshwa nabasaza bafite intege nke.Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ayo macupa ntabwo agenewe abakuru. Igiciro nubunini bwamazi kuri buri gacupa nabyo ni ikindi kintu. ya plastike yoroshye. Ifite kandi amazi menshi ugereranije nandi macupa atatu.Ikindi, H2OPal niyo yari ndende, iremereye kandi ihenze cyane mumacupa yubushakashatsi.
Amacupa yubwenge aboneka mubucuruzi afite akamaro kubashakashatsi kuko nta mpamvu yo gukora prototype ibikoresho bishya.Nubwo hariho amacupa menshi y’amazi meza aboneka, ikibazo gikunze kugaragara nuko abakoresha badafite amakuru cyangwa ibimenyetso bibisi, kandi ibisubizo bimwe na bimwe byerekanwa muri porogaramu igendanwa.Hakenewe guteza imbere icupa ryubwenge rikoreshwa cyane kandi rifite amakuru yuzuye, cyane cyane ryashizwe kumasoko ya HOP ya H2. cumulative MPE, numubare wabuze byafashwe amajwi.HidrateSpark 3 ifite umurongo muremure, gutandukana kworoheje ntoya hamwe na MAE. SmartLid yari ifite imikorere mike yizewe, ifite ibyokurya byinshi byabuze, kandi wasuzuguye ibyokurya byihariye.
Ubushakashatsi ntibufite aho bugarukira.Mu bihe nyabyo, abakoresha benshi bazanywa ku bindi bikoresho, cyane cyane amazi ashyushye, ibinyobwa byaguzwe mu maduka, n'inzoga. Akazi keza kagomba gusuzuma uburyo ibintu byose bigize icupa bigira ingaruka ku makosa yo kuyobora icupa ry’amazi meza.
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Kite Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - Umuyoboro w’ubuzima wa kaminuza, Toronto, Kanada
Ibitekerezo - RC; Uburyo - RC, AR; Kwandika - Gutegura inyandiko - RC, AR; Kwandika - Gusubiramo no Guhindura, GF, AR; Kugenzura - AR, GF Abanditsi bose basomye kandi bemeranya nintoki yasohotse.
Springer Kamere ikomeza kutagira aho ibogamiye kubijyanye n'ububasha bw'amakarita yatangajwe hamwe n'inzego ziyishamikiyeho.
Gufungura Gufungura Iyi ngingo ifite uruhushya rushingiye kuri Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Uruhushya mpuzamahanga, rwemerera gukoresha, kugabana, guhuza n'imihindagurikire, gukwirakwiza, no kororoka muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose cyangwa imiterere, uramutse utanze inguzanyo ikwiye umwanditsi wambere ninkomoko, gutanga uruhushya rwa Creative Commons, kandi ukerekana niba impinduka zarakozwe.Ishusho cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byabandi bantu muri iyi ngingo bishyirwa mubikorwa bya Creative Commons. Creative Commons uruhushya rwingingo kandi intego yawe yo gukoresha ntabwo yemerewe n amategeko cyangwa amabwiriza cyangwa arenze ibyo byemewe, uzakenera kubona uruhushya rutangwa na nyirubwite.Kureba kopi yuru ruhushya, sura http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Mugutanga igitekerezo, wemera gukurikiza Amabwiriza yacu nubuyobozi bwabaturage.Niba ubona ibintu bitesha agaciro cyangwa ibikubiyemo bidahuye namabwiriza cyangwa amabwiriza, nyamuneka ubishyire ahagaragara bidakwiye.